Statistics (weka-dev 3.7.10 API)

java.lang.Object
- weka.core.Statistics

All Implemented Interfaces:

RevisionHandler
```
public class Statistics
extends Object
implements RevisionHandler
```
Class implementing some distributions, tests, etc. The code is mostly adapted from the CERN Jet Java libraries: Copyright 2001 University of Waikato Copyright 1999 CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research. Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. CERN and the University of Waikato make no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without expressed or implied warranty.

Version:

$Revision: 5616 $

Author:

peter.gedeck@pharma.Novartis.com, wolfgang.hoschek@cern.ch, Eibe Frank (eibe@cs.waikato.ac.nz), Richard Kirkby (rkirkby@cs.waikato.ac.nz)

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description

Statistics()

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`Statistics()`

Method Summary

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static double`	`binomialStandardError(double p, int n)` Computes standard error for observed values of a binomial random variable.
`static double`	`chiSquaredProbability(double x, double v)` Returns chi-squared probability for given value and degrees of freedom.
`static double`	`errorFunction(double x)` Returns the error function of the normal distribution.
`static double`	`errorFunctionComplemented(double a)` Returns the complementary Error function of the normal distribution.
`static double`	`FProbability(double F, int df1, int df2)` Computes probability of F-ratio.
`static double`	`gamma(double x)` Returns the Gamma function of the argument.
`String`	`getRevision()` Returns the revision string.
`static double`	`incompleteBeta(double aa, double bb, double xx)` Returns the Incomplete Beta Function evaluated from zero to `xx`.
`static double`	`incompleteBetaFraction1(double a, double b, double x)` Continued fraction expansion #1 for incomplete beta integral.
`static double`	`incompleteBetaFraction2(double a, double b, double x)` Continued fraction expansion #2 for incomplete beta integral.
`static double`	`incompleteGamma(double a, double x)` Returns the Incomplete Gamma function.
`static double`	`incompleteGammaComplement(double a, double x)` Returns the Complemented Incomplete Gamma function.
`static double`	`lnGamma(double x)` Returns natural logarithm of gamma function.
`static void`	`main(String[] ops)` Main method for testing this class.
`static double`	`normalInverse(double y0)` Returns the value, `x`, for which the area under the Normal (Gaussian) probability density function (integrated from minus infinity to `x`) is equal to the argument `y` (assumes mean is zero, variance is one).
`static double`	`normalProbability(double a)` Returns the area under the Normal (Gaussian) probability density function, integrated from minus infinity to `x` (assumes mean is zero, variance is one).
`static double`	`p1evl(double x, double[] coef, int N)` Evaluates the given polynomial of degree `N` at `x`.
`static double`	`polevl(double x, double[] coef, int N)` Evaluates the given polynomial of degree `N` at `x`.
`static double`	`powerSeries(double a, double b, double x)` Power series for incomplete beta integral.
`static double`	`stirlingFormula(double x)` Returns the Gamma function computed by Stirling's formula.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - Statistics
```
public Statistics()
```
- Method Detail
  - binomialStandardError
```
public static double binomialStandardError(double p,
                           int n)
```
    Computes standard error for observed values of a binomial random variable.
    
    Parameters:
    p - the probability of success
    n - the size of the sample
    
    Returns:
    the standard error
  - chiSquaredProbability
```
public static double chiSquaredProbability(double x,
                           double v)
```
    Returns chi-squared probability for given value and degrees of freedom. (The probability that the chi-squared variate will be greater than x for the given degrees of freedom.)
    
    Parameters:
    x - the value
    v - the number of degrees of freedom
    
    Returns:
    the chi-squared probability
  - FProbability
```
public static double FProbability(double F,
                  int df1,
                  int df2)
```
    Computes probability of F-ratio.
    
    Parameters:
    F - the F-ratio
    df1 - the first number of degrees of freedom
    df2 - the second number of degrees of freedom
    
    Returns:
    the probability of the F-ratio.
  - normalProbability
```
public static double normalProbability(double a)
```
    Returns the area under the Normal (Gaussian) probability density function, integrated from minus infinity to x (assumes mean is zero, variance is one).
```
                            x
                             -
                   1        | |          2
  normal(x)  = ---------    |    exp( - t /2 ) dt
               sqrt(2pi)  | |
                           -
                          -inf.

             =  ( 1 + erf(z) ) / 2
             =  erfc(z) / 2
 
```
    where z = x/sqrt(2). Computation is via the functions errorFunction and errorFunctionComplement.
    Parameters:
    a - the z-value
    
    Returns:
    the probability of the z value according to the normal pdf
  - normalInverse
```
public static double normalInverse(double y0)
```
    Returns the value, x, for which the area under the Normal (Gaussian) probability density function (integrated from minus infinity to x) is equal to the argument y (assumes mean is zero, variance is one).
    For small arguments 0 < y < exp(-2), the program computes z = sqrt( -2.0 * log(y) ); then the approximation is x = z - log(z)/z - (1/z) P(1/z) / Q(1/z). There are two rational functions P/Q, one for 0 < y < exp(-32) and the other for y up to exp(-2). For larger arguments, w = y - 0.5, and x/sqrt(2pi) = w + w**3 R(w**2)/S(w**2)).
    
    Parameters:
    y0 - the area under the normal pdf
    
    Returns:
    the z-value
  - lnGamma
```
public static double lnGamma(double x)
```
    Returns natural logarithm of gamma function.
    
    Parameters:
    x - the value
    
    Returns:
    natural logarithm of gamma function
  - errorFunction
```
public static double errorFunction(double x)
```
    Returns the error function of the normal distribution. The integral is
```
                           x 
                            -
                 2         | |          2
   erf(x)  =  --------     |    exp( - t  ) dt.
              sqrt(pi)   | |
                          -
                           0
 
```
    Implementation: For 0 <= |x| < 1, erf(x) = x * P4(x**2)/Q5(x**2); otherwise erf(x) = 1 - erfc(x).
    Code adapted from the Java 2D Graph Package 2.4, which in turn is a port from the Cephes 2.2 Math Library (C).
    Parameters:
    a - the argument to the function.
  - errorFunctionComplemented
```
public static double errorFunctionComplemented(double a)
```
    Returns the complementary Error function of the normal distribution.
```
  1 - erf(x) =

                           inf. 
                             -
                  2         | |          2
   erfc(x)  =  --------     |    exp( - t  ) dt
               sqrt(pi)   | |
                           -
                            x
 
```
    Implementation: For small x, erfc(x) = 1 - erf(x); otherwise rational approximations are computed.
    Code adapted from the Java 2D Graph Package 2.4, which in turn is a port from the Cephes 2.2 Math Library (C).
    Parameters:
    a - the argument to the function.
  - p1evl
```
public static double p1evl(double x,
           double[] coef,
           int N)
```
    Evaluates the given polynomial of degree N at x. Evaluates polynomial when coefficient of N is 1.0. Otherwise same as polevl().
```
                     2          N
 y  =  C  + C x + C x  +...+ C x
        0    1     2          N

 Coefficients are stored in reverse order:

 coef[0] = C  , ..., coef[N] = C  .
            N                   0
 
```
    The function p1evl() assumes that coef[N] = 1.0 and is omitted from the array. Its calling arguments are otherwise the same as polevl().
    In the interest of speed, there are no checks for out of bounds arithmetic.
    Parameters:
    x - argument to the polynomial.
    coef - the coefficients of the polynomial.
    N - the degree of the polynomial.
  - polevl
```
public static double polevl(double x,
            double[] coef,
            int N)
```
    Evaluates the given polynomial of degree N at x.
```
                     2          N
 y  =  C  + C x + C x  +...+ C x
        0    1     2          N

 Coefficients are stored in reverse order:

 coef[0] = C  , ..., coef[N] = C  .
            N                   0
 
```
    In the interest of speed, there are no checks for out of bounds arithmetic.
    Parameters:
    x - argument to the polynomial.
    coef - the coefficients of the polynomial.
    N - the degree of the polynomial.
  - incompleteGamma
```
public static double incompleteGamma(double a,
                     double x)
```
    Returns the Incomplete Gamma function.
    
    Parameters:
    a - the parameter of the gamma distribution.
    x - the integration end point.
  - incompleteGammaComplement
```
public static double incompleteGammaComplement(double a,
                               double x)
```
    Returns the Complemented Incomplete Gamma function.
    
    Parameters:
    a - the parameter of the gamma distribution.
    x - the integration start point.
  - gamma
```
public static double gamma(double x)
```
    Returns the Gamma function of the argument.
  - stirlingFormula
```
public static double stirlingFormula(double x)
```
    Returns the Gamma function computed by Stirling's formula. The polynomial STIR is valid for 33 <= x <= 172.
  - incompleteBeta
```
public static double incompleteBeta(double aa,
                    double bb,
                    double xx)
```
    Returns the Incomplete Beta Function evaluated from zero to xx.
    
    Parameters:
    aa - the alpha parameter of the beta distribution.
    bb - the beta parameter of the beta distribution.
    xx - the integration end point.
  - incompleteBetaFraction1
```
public static double incompleteBetaFraction1(double a,
                             double b,
                             double x)
```
    Continued fraction expansion #1 for incomplete beta integral.
  - incompleteBetaFraction2
```
public static double incompleteBetaFraction2(double a,
                             double b,
                             double x)
```
    Continued fraction expansion #2 for incomplete beta integral.
  - powerSeries
```
public static double powerSeries(double a,
                 double b,
                 double x)
```
    Power series for incomplete beta integral. Use when b*x is small and x not too close to 1.
  - getRevision
```
public String getRevision()
```
    Returns the revision string.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getRevision in interface RevisionHandler
    
    Returns:
    the revision
  - main
```
public static void main(String[] ops)
```
    Main method for testing this class.

Class Statistics

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

Statistics

Method Detail

binomialStandardError

chiSquaredProbability

FProbability

normalProbability

normalInverse

lnGamma

errorFunction

errorFunctionComplemented

p1evl

polevl

incompleteGamma

incompleteGammaComplement

gamma

stirlingFormula

incompleteBeta

incompleteBetaFraction1

incompleteBetaFraction2

powerSeries

getRevision

main